Where Einstein and Modern Physicists Fudged Up

The first thing that the aliens know, if there are intergalactic aliens, is that traveling at the speed of light and greater is not only possible, but common place for them and secondly, one does not travel into the past when exceeding the speed of light.

How is this possible when all our scientist and physicist say it is impossible because of Einstein’s theory of relativity and most experiments seem to bare this out?  The problem is that the fundamental theory was based upon a conventional logic of Einstein’s time which was flawed.  The conventional thought at the time of the formulation of the theory was that all mass was electromagnetic in origin.  That convention exists even to this day.

This is strictly an assumption with only circumstantial evidence to support this conclusion.  It stemmed from J.J. Thompson’s theoretical equation for the electromagnetic radius of an electron which he formulated in 1881.  Later in that century, 1898, he discovered the electron itself.  There is greater evidence, however, to support the fact that electromagnetism and gravitation are separate fields and must be added together to tell the whole story.

To understand this one must look back on the history of physics as far back as Newton.  When Newton formulated his equation and theory of gravitation he used only neutral mass, his newly formulated inverse square law, which has now been found to be pertinent to every field, and a constant to describe the force of gravity.  He knew nothing of electricity.  And although magnetism and electricity had been known to the ancient Greeks no one knew of their relationship.  It had not been discovered yet.

Both Coulomb, who formulated the electromagnetic force equation, and Maxwell, who formulated the Maxwell equations linking electricity and magnetism as one force, never used neutral mass as a component of their equation.  Because the equations are very similar in appearance and both use the inverse square law in the formula, scientist simply assumed this similarity, somehow, meant they were of the same origin.  It was Lord Raleigh who pushed the concept that the electromagnetic radius found theoretically by Thompson was the actual material radius of the electron as well.  He was wrong, but it became the accepted standard convention of the day and still exists today.

In 1911 Millikan used the separation of forces to find the specific charge to mass ratio, but by this time Einstein’s original theory of relativity had been published in his 1905 paper, “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES.”  This had set the standard for E=mc².  But Einstein was working with the previous convention set by the physics community.  His paper should have been entitled, “ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING “CHARGED” BODIES.”  It is also interesting that in 1911 Einstein actually wrote a paper entitled, “ON THE INFLUENCE OF GRAVITATION ON THE PROPAGATION OF LIGHT,” and in this paper he shows, just as he did in his previous paper in 1905, that mass could gain energy from the gravitational field just as it did from the electromagnetic field.  And yet it still did not strike a chord with any physicist that the electromagnetic field and the gravitational field should be considered separate fields.

In 1916 Einstein published his General Theory of Relativity on the concept of gravitation, but in this paper, he fudged his equations to make them work out properly.  In 1919 Theodore Kaluza realized using Einstein’s equations one could find a unified field solution by having five dimensions rather than four, but he was still handicapped by the fact Einstein had fudged his equations in the General Theory.  And although today many of the string theories are based upon Kaluza’s argument they continue to be handicapped by Einstein’s fudged general theory.

Most people thought Einstein only fudged his equations when it came to the cosmological constant which he added later to explain a static universe, but the truth is he also fudged his equations in the General Theory and explains it by saying it was to make his equations work out properly.  Most ordinary people have not read the theory and don’t realize this, but most physicists just accept it as a necessity.  Because of the many equations in the general theory Einstein numbers his equations, and in equation number 49 he introduces a factor of -2k, and explains in a footnote that this necessity will be apparent later.  Indeed, later in section 16 he simply states it is because it makes his equations work properly.

The reason he added this factor is because when he published his paper in 1911 he realized he was off by a factor of ½ with all his equations.  When deciphering the perihelion of Mercury, he realized he needed to use escape velocity instead of orbital velocity.  Mercury needed escape velocity to go from a lower orbit at perihelion to rise to its higher orbit at aphelion.  So when he published his paper in 1915 on Mercury’s orbit around the sun he simply started with escape velocity which gave him the proper precess of Mercury’s semi-major axis around the sun.  This is the reason he added the factor of   -2k in the general theory.  Most physicists just accept it without question or wondering why it was necessary, no matter there was no other explanation for the -2k factor other than to make his equations work out to his satisfaction.  This would never be accepted by any high school physics teacher.  They would want to know where the -2k comes from.

The result of this is that his equations can’t be completely solved and we have extraneous, weird and wild theories with all kind of exotic mathematical explanations.  Some are valid while others are just lame and strange.  We will talk about what’s valid, what’s lame and what’s strange later, but first let us talk about faster than light travel.